We usually use plastic is not a pure substance, it is made of many materials from the preparation of the. Polymer (or synthetic) is the main component of plastic, in addition, to improve the performance of plastic, also added to the polymer a variety of supporting material, such as fillers, stabilizers, colorants, plasticizers, lubricants, to become a high performance plastic.
1, synthetic resin
The main components of synthetic resins is plastic, their plastic content in 40%~100%. Due to the large content, and properties often determine plastic properties of the resin, so it is often viewed as synonymous with plastic resin. Such as phenolic resin and PVC resin and PVC plastic, bakelite confused. Resins and plastics are actually two different concepts. The original polymer resin is a raw, it is not only used to make plastics, but also paints, adhesives and synthetic materials. But a tiny part of a 100% resin and plastic, but the vast majority of plastic, in addition to the main components of the resin, and other substances.
2, packing
Fillers and fillers, it can increase strength and heat resistance performance, and reduce costs. After adding wooden powder such as phenolic resin can greatly reduce costs, bakelite became one of the most cheapest plastic and can significantly improve the mechanical strength. Packing organic fillers and fillers can be divided into two categories, such as wood, cloth, paper and fabric fibers, such as glass fibre, diatomaceous silica, asbestos, and so on.
3, plasticizer
Plasticizers can increase plastic's plasticity and flexibility, reducing the brittleness, make it easy for plastic processing. Plasticizers are generally mixed with resin-soluble, nontoxic, odorless, light and thermal stability of high-boiling organic compounds, the most commonly used are phthalic acid esters. For example when producing PVC, introducing more plasticizer for soft PVC can be obtained, if less or without plasticizer (<10%), rigid PVC.
4, stabilizer
In order to prevent resin processing and use by light and heat of decomposition and destruction, to extend the service life and to join in a plastic stabilizer. Commonly used stearate, epoxy resin and so on.
5, coloring agents
Coloring agents to make plastics has a bright and beautiful color. Organic dyes and inorganic pigments as the coloring agent in common use.
6, lubricants
Lubricant is to prevent non-stick plastic molding on the metal molds, at the same time make the plastic surface is smooth and beautiful. Common lubricants include stearic acid and its salts of calcium and magnesium.
7, antioxidant
Prevent heat moulding of plastics or in the process of high temperature oxidation of heat and yellowing of plastics, such as hair.
In addition to these additives, but plastic can also add flame retardant, foaming agents, antistatic agents, to meet different application requirements.